‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If a judge issues a ruling, having tried his best to decide correctly, and his ruling is right, he will have a double reward, but if he issues a ruling, having tried his best to decide correctly, and his ruling is wrong, he will have a single reward."
‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn Abu Bakrah reported: My father wrote, or I wrote on his behalf, to his son ‘Ubaydullāh ibn Abu Bakrah, a judge in Sijistan, saying: "Do not judge between two people while being in a state of anger, for indeed I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Let no one judge between two people while being angry.'"
Another narration reads: "Let no judge pass judgment between two people while being angry.”
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Were people to be given everything that they claimed, some men would (unjustly) claim the properties and blood of (other) people. However, the onus of proof is on the plaintiff and the oath is upon the one who denies the claim."
‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There are three (types of people) whose actions are not recorded by the Pen: the sleeper till he awakes, the minor till he reaches puberty, and the insane till he regains his sanity.”
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him said: “Allah has pardoned for my sake the mistakes and forgetfulness of my Ummah, and what they were coerced to do.”
Abu Rimthah reported: I went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) with my father. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then asked my father: "Is this your son?" He replied: "Yes, by the Lord of the Ka‘bah." He again said: "Is it true?" He said: "I bear witness to it." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then smiled due to my resemblance with my father and because my father took an oath that I was his son. He then said: "Indeed, He will not bear your faults (sins), and you will not bear his." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) recited the verse: {And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another.} [Sūrat al-An‘ām: 164]